Germicidal iodine compositions



United States Patent 3,028,301 GERMICIDAL IODINE COMPOSITIONS Murray W. Winicov, 6358 78th St., Flushing, NY. N0 Drawing. Original application Nov. 29, 1957, Ser. No. 699,436. Divided and this application Aug. 31, 1959, Ser. No. 836,909

2 Claims. (Cl. 167--17) This invention relates to new germicidal compositions wherein iodine, as an active germicidal agent, is bound to or complexed with certain surface active agents or carriers of the quaternary ammonium type having characteristic polyethoxy and fatty alkyl substituents, in a manner to both stabilize the iodine and to solubilize the iodine in aqueous media. This aplication is a division of my pending application Serial No. 699,436 filed November 29, 1957, which in turn is a continuation-in-part of my prior application Serial No. 633,386 filed January 10, 1957, now abandoned.

The capacity of surface active agents of the quaternary ammonium type to complex with or bind elemental iodine has been disclosed in United States patent to Darragh et al. No. 2,679,533 issued May 25, 1954. The emphasis in Darragh et al. is placed on the use of certain germicidally active quaternary ammonium compounds as the complexing agent.

I have discovered that iodine-quaternary ammonium complexes having unique and advantageous properties can be prepared by employing as the complexing agent certain quaternary ammonium compounds which for the most part have little germicidal activity, but which have the capacity to bindor complex elemental iodine in a manner to markedly enhance the binding and therefore prolong the germicidal activity of the bound iodine.

The complexing agents forming these unique iodinequaternary ammonium complexes are quaternary ammonium compounds having as characteristic substituents one to two C to C fatty alkyl groups and one to two oxyethylene radicals providing a total of.2 to 200 oxyethylene units. Such compounds can be represented by the formula:

wherein at least one of the snbstituents R and R is a C to C 18 fatty alkyl group, at least one of the sub.- stitulents R and R is a (CH CH O) .H group wherein the cumulative value for y in the substituents R and R is a integer Within the range of 2 to 200, R when not otherwise provided for is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, phenyl and benzyl radicals, R is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, benzyl, and substituted benzyl radicals including lower alkyl benzyl, lower alkoxy benzyl, nitro-benzyl and halo-benzyl radicals, and X is a salt forming anionic radical.

A number of compounds according to the above formula are quaternary compounds based on commercially available corresponding tertiary amines which can be readily quaternized by reaction with a compound of the formula R X where R; and X have the significance above noted.

For the most part, quaternary compounds embraced by the above formula have little germicidal activity. The

basic advantages of the new iodine-quaternary ammonium complexes, however, stem not from the germicidal activity of the quaternary compound per se, but from the superior iodine binding or carrying capacity of the herein disclosed quaternary ammonium compounds.

"ice

These advantages can be demonstrated by one or more of the following types of performance tests:

(a) Test for stability to iodine loss due to vapor pressure.

(b) Test for stability to iodine loss due to adsorption as measured by treatment of aqueous solutions of iodinecarriercompositions with adsorbent carbon.

(0) Test for germicidal capacity by a procedure disclosed by Cantor and Shelanski in an article entitled A Capacity Test for Germicidal Action appearing in Soap and Sanitary Chemicals, vol. 27, page 133 (1951), such procedure having been republished and endorsed in the most up-to-date and authoritative text and reference book on evaluation procedures entitled Antiseptics, Disinfectants, Fungicides and Sterilization edited by C. F. Reddish and published by Lee & Febiger in 1954 (the pertinent section being by L. S. Stuart and commencing on page (d) A modified test for germicidal capacity (advantageous in view of the very firm binding of iodine in the new compositions) which involves a preliminary treatment with adsorbent carbon as in (b) above followed by germicidal capacity testing as in (0) above of the residual iodine-carrier solution after carbon treatment.

In the new compositions the iodine, although much more firmly bound than in other surface active agentiodine complexes heretofore available, remains releasable in the presence of microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, fungi, and the like) to eifect its germicidal or fungicidal action. This firmerbinding of the iodine has the practical significance of providing in the new compositions a much prolonged germicidal and fungicidal action, even under adverse conditions, as when exposed on large surfaces to the atmosphere.

for the prolonged disinfection of enclosed areas, special equipment such as food handling and hospital equip ment and the like.

Another of the practical uses of these new compositions is in the treatment of various types of papers, fabrics and the like, to enable their subsequent use as sterilizing 'and disinfecting agents. For example, a treated paper towel when moistened becomes a sterilizing or disinfecting agent, as when drying objects or the hands. In such uses the new compositions have the further advantage of firm bondingto the treated article due to. the substantivity of .the quaternary ammonium component with respect to papers andmany fabrics. Likewise the substantivity makes these compositions desirable for use in germicidal and fungical preparations for application to human and animal hair.

In the new compositions the proportions of iodine to quaternary ammonium compound can be varied between wide limits, depending in part upon the intended use of the composition. Highly advantageous resuits are obtained when 5 to 800% of iodine, based on the weight of the quaternary compound, is present in the complex. in some instances, however, an amount of iodinesomewhat lower than 5% may provide the desired germicidal prop erties in the composition.

It should be pointed out that throughout the range of 5 to 800% the herein disclosed quaternary ammonium compounds exert a beneficial iodine vapor pressure lowering effect, and with some quaternary ammonium cornpounds the efiect may be found with preparations as high as 1000% iodine (or 10% quaternary ammonium compound based on total weight ofiodine) When the amount of iodine exceeds about 50% based on the weight of quaternary ammonium compound the presence of either another iodophor or some simple iodine solubilizing agent is essential as hereinafter described, in order to provide physically stable formulations. Within the range of 5 to 50% iodine based on the weight of quater- 4. for example as hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, or the like.

In liquid concentrates and use solutions, the diluent will preferably be water, although an organic solvent, such as nary ammonium compound, however, stable formula- 5 methanol, a and and -P P QL as Well as tions can readily be prepared containing as an iodophor aqueousdlfgalqlc SOIVCPt IHIXWTFS can also be usedonly the quaternary ammonium compound The f ll As solid diluents in preparing concentrates and use ing portion of the specification will be dire ted primarily formulations, synthetic detergents in solid form have been to this latter type of formulation containing to 50% l y (p y Where a combined Cleansmg and f icdine based on the weigilt offluatemary ammonium disinfectant action is desired) as Well as substances such compound 7 as urea, which act as extenders.

Preparation of the new complexes of iodine and qua- EXAMPLE I ternary ammonium compound is accomplished by eiIectg dissolution of elemental iodine in the q a y am- As illustrative of the preparation and performance of monium compound. Simple mechanical mixing or grind- 15 complexes of iodine and quaternary ammonium coming will frequently cause the desired amount to iodine to pounds in accordance with the present invention, such dissolve in and become complexed with the quaternary complexes have been prepared in which the structure of ammonium compound. Alternatively the iodine can be the quaternary ammonium compound of the foregoing dissolved in a volatile solvent such as ethanol, or isoproformula pyl alcohol and the solvent solution then mixed with the quaternary ammonium compound. The solvent can be X left in the product or, if desired, removed as by distilla- Ri-N-R2 tion. The particular manner of complexing, whether by mechanical mixing or with the aid of a solvent does not appear to affect the properties of the resulting complex.

While the new products have been described as quaterhas been varied in accordance with the following tabulanary-iodme complexes, it is to be understood that iodine tion: 7

Table I Total "y" Qflat R1 R2 Ra Ra X in Rel-Ra ionicrnonn; onionzog mn n (onionionlih (onrcnio ,.H 2 (onlonio) .n chrome i1... or-I o H 011201320). H 15 (CHzCH Oh. l5 (onionionhn.-- 15 gornomm 'mu 2 (intendin 2 (0HiCuio)y.H p-Xylyl 15 (GH OHz0) .H p-Nitrobenzyl l5 (CI'I2C1I20)y.H.-- p-methoxybeuzyl. 50 (CHirCHzO) .H 02H 15 Lauryl. 15 l do 30 0. rlo Gregor-r20), ll..- (O] TI2OHz.O) .H so Stearyl (Chic-r110) (Cl-19011 0)," as q Lauryl omorno) .n (CH2OlI2.0) .iI c 15 can be employed as iodine halide such as iodine chloride or iodine bromide having a composition ranging from iodine-monohalide to iodine trihalide. When iodine halide is employed in place of iodine alone a saving can be efiected in the amount of iodine needed for a particular germicidal performance due to an apparent regenerative action making part of the spent iodine again available for germicidal action. Even in amounts less than required to form the monohalide the presence of chlorine or bromine enhances germicidal activity and also assists in preparing complexes by dissolving and liquefying elemental iodine. It is to be understood that iodine-quaternary ammonium complexes as disclosed and claimed herein em- The complexes of iodine with the various quaternary ammonium compounds tabulated above were prepared by mechanically mixing 5 parts by weight of the quaternary to 1 part by Weight of iodine (20% iodine based on the weight of quaternary) until the iodine was all taken up or dissolved in the quaternary.

A quantity of each complex was dissolved in water in a concentration to provide p.p.m. of titratable iodine (using as titrating agent .01 N sodium thiosulfate). A 100 p.p.m. iodine solution was also prepared using for comparison purposes the preferred iodine-carrier com position as disclosed in Darragh Patent No. 2,679,533, dodecyl benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride-iodine complex, hereinafter identified in tables and text as Darrag Then 200 ml. of each 100 p.p.m. solution was placed in a 250 ml. beaker and 0.1 gm. of adsorbent carbon (Darco C-60) was added to each beaker. The carbon suspensions were agitated uniformly for 60 minutes and then allowed to settle. The supernatent liquid was used for determination of iodine loss due to carbon adsorption and in certain instances for germicidal capacity test.

The determination of iodine loss due to adsorption on carbon is made by titrating an aliquot of'supernatent liquid with the titrating agent above mentioned, and the results, expressed in p.p.m. of titratable iodine are as follows (all samples being originally 100 p.p.m.):

Table II P.p.m. of iodine after carbon adsorption Complex of iodine with quaternary:

The carbon adsorption test above mentioned is significant since it is indicative of performance in the presence of adsorbent substances associated with various types of soil (or contamination) in an environment being treated. For end uses where substantial amounts of soil are to be encountered, it is preferable to use complexes showing a lower loss due to carbon adsorption, as for example, those identified as a, b, and i above.

In testing germicidal capacity the germicidal activity of iodine in a 100 p.p.m. solution of complex is so prolonged as to make the conventional testing by the Cantor-Shelanski method earlier mentioned, unduly cumbersome and time-consuming. For this-reason, and since the carbon adsorption treatment is comparable to the soil encountered in many types of sanitation, a number of the complexes have been tested for germicidal capacity after carbon treatment.

This germicidal capacity testing (a slight modification of the Cantor-Shelanski method) is carried out as follows: In separate 1 liter flasks equipped with magnetic stirrers are placed 450 ml. of sterile hard (200 p.p.m.) water buttered to pH 4.2 with 5% NaH PO To each flask of this sterile solution is added 50 ml. of a supernatent carbon treated quaternary iodine solutionabove referred to. of increments of 24 hr. cultures of S. typh'osa grown on AOAC nutrient broth. The increment size used in each case was 1.0 ml. containing 6X 10 organisms. (Thus the count per ml. in the 500 ml. volume under test is 1.2)(10 organisms for each increment added.) With each incremental addition of test culture the flasks are continuously agitated by the magnetic stirrers, and exactly one minute after each addition of-test culturel ml. samples were removed aseptically into 100 ml. of '(Difco) neutralizers for both halogens and quaternaries. The solutions so prepared were then plated in 1 ml. and 0.1 ml. volumes using nutrient agar. Ten minutes after the addition of the first increment to each flask a second 1 ml. increment of test culture was added and the above described procedure repeated.

For purposes of comparison parallel tests were made using iodine alone in the form of Lugols solution (5% iodine and 10% potassium iodide in water) and the respective quaternary compounds. Solutions of each quaternary compound were prepared of the same concentration as the quaternary in the respective 100 p.p.m.

(iodine) complex solutions 'above mentioned and 200.

ml. of each solution was treated with 0.1 gm; of adsorbent carbon (Darco G-60) for one minute as above described. Lugols solution was diluted. to a concentration providing 100 p.p.m. of titratable iodine and similarly treated with carbon.

The flasks are then ready. for the addition The results of these germicidal capacity tests are tabulatedbelow with pertinent data being given for the first and'second incremental addition of test culture. In the tabulation the percent kill due to synergism is obtained by subtracting from the percent kill due to the quaternary-iodine complex, the total of the percentages of kill due to quaternary alone and iodine (Lugol solution) alone (after carbon treatment). It should be noted that carbon treatment of a p.p.m. (iodine) solution of the Darragh-iodine complex reduced the residual iodine to 5 p.p.m., whereas carbon treatment of 100 p.p.m. (iodine) Lugol solution reduced the titratable iodine to less than 2 p.p.m.

In the following tabulation the sum'of the percentages of kill due to synergism in the two increments of test culture is entered as Total Percent synergism. This figure is indicative of the extent of prolonged activity due to the firmness of binding of iodine by the quaternary.

Table III Increment I Increment II Total Quat percent (Tabl) Quat Quai; Lu Per- Quat Quat Lu- Persyner- I2+0 +0 gols cent Ir-l-C +0 gols cent gisni +0 syner- +0 synergism gism 46 43 10.8 83 0 6 77 87.8 18 43 46 7 6 30 38 42 43 13 42 0 6 36 4Q 27 43 22 37 0 6 31 55 67 43 70 14 6 50 50 33 43 ll) 42 0 6 35 52 19 43' 36 3.3 18 6 i) '45 24 43 19 29 0 0 23 4'2 38 43 18. 9 71 0' 6 65 83. 9 10 43 46. 9 07 0 ll 9 135. 9 Darragh 95. 7 73 43 73 77. 6

1 Synergism in the places thus identified is not present due tothehigh germicidal activity of the particular ual-ternary by itself. However, it is apparent in the case of 5' that the germicidal activity oi iodine carries over into the second increment; whereas, in the case of Darragh the continued activity in the second increment is due to the quaternary compound itself as indicated by the substantial equivalence in the two figures (73 and 77), and as verified by the absence of titratable iodine after the addition of the second increment. I

Another meaningful test of performance is the determination of stability to loss of iodine due to vaporization. Such determination is conducted by preparing solutions of the various quaternary-iodine complexes containing approximately 1000 p.p.m. of iodine, as titratable with 0.01 normal sodium thiosulfate solution, placing 30 ml. of each test solution in a 250 ml. beaker and 10 cc. of the same solution in a glassstoppered flask (as a control). The beakers are then weighed, placed in a water bath at 40 C. (water in the bath being /2 in. above the liquid level in the beakers) and the control flasks are similarly placed in the water bath. At the end of each 2 hour period, the beakers were weighed and the evaporated water replaced. After 10 hours 2 ml. samples are withdrawn from the beakers (after adjusting for water loss) and from the control flasks and titrated for iodine content.

The loss of iodine (p.p.m.) in the controls, a nonvaporization loss, is subtracted from p.p.m. of iodine in the starting solution and with this figure as the denominator and the p.p.m. of titratable iodine in the beakers after 10 hours as the numerator, the percentage of iodine remaining is calculated. 7 I

For the purpose of the test tabulated below iodinequaternary complexes were prepared using the various quaternaries identified in Table I but containing in each instance 1 part of iodine to 10 parts of quaternary (10% iodine based on the weight of quaternary). The letters identifying various samples have the significance in identifying the quaternary as set forth in Table I.

Table IV RESISTANCE 'lO IODINE LOSS DUE TO VAPORIZATION Percent Initial iodine re- Complex of iodine and quaternary p.p.m. maining iodine after 10 hours a 84.0 98. b 1, 025 99 c. 865 1 73 d l, 02 95 e 1, 050 97 f- 880 76 c 925 98 n 1,110 98 i- 875 73 j. l, 005 95 k 975 l 75 l. 875 98 m 840 97 n S70 98 o 970 1 72 p 1,270 1 39 q 940 94 Darr'wh 1, 138 30 1 In comparing the data in Table IV with Table I, it will be noted that as the total number of (CH CHzO) groups is increased to 50 and to 93. there is a progressive increase in loss of iodine due to vaporization under the test condition. Even a reduction in iodine content to 39% during the 10 hour test (as in the case of complex p) represents an iodine stability to vaporization far exceeding that obtained with anionic and nonionic type carrier.

As the number of (CH2CH groups is progressively increased, the toxicity, particularly oral toxicity, of the quaternary iodine complex becomes progressively lower. The advantages of reduced toxicity can for many intended uses of the quaternary iodine complexes, off-set any possible disadvantage resulting from reduced stability to vaporization. In this connection, it should also be noted that for some uses of the quaternary iodine complexes too firm a binding oi. iodine, i.e. too high a retention of iodine in the hour test reported in Table IV, may be objectionable, in which event a lower retention of iodine under the test conditions could actually constitute an advantageous property in the quaternary iodine complex.

The following examples will serve to illustrate typical formulations including the new quaternary-iodine complexes and certain performance characteristics thereof.

EXAMPLE H Ten,(10.) parts by weight of elemental iodine is dis solved (by mechanical mixing) in 50 parts by weight of the quaternary ammonium compound identified as (a) in Table. I. This quaternary ammonium-iodine complex is dissolved in 30 parts by weight of water containing 10 parts by weight of phosphoric acid, thereby forming a liquid germicidal concentrate adapted to he further diluted with water in forming use solutions. Such a use dilution containing approximately 1000 ppm. of titratablc iodine retains in excess of 90% of its titratable iodine when subjected to the 10 hour vaporization rate test above described.

EXAMPLE III Fifteen gm. of elemental iodine is dissolved in 150 gm. of the quaternary ammonium compound ideniificd as (c) in Table I, by stirring at 45 C. for 15 minutes. One hundred fifty-five (155) grams of this quaternary ammonium-iodine complex is mixed with 465 gm. of powdered urea and intimately ground together to form a homogeneous powder, which readily dissolves in water to form germicidal solutions containing 100 to 1000 p.p.m., or other required amounts, of titratable iodine. A sample of the powdered formulation after a one year storage period in a closed container showed no loss of titratable iodine.

EXAMPLE IV Elemental iodine 0.1 gm. is complexed with 1.0 gm. of the quaternary ammonium compound identified as (c) in Table I by stirring together at 50 C. for one hour. This complex is dissolved in 1000 ml. of distilled water giving a solution containing 98.4 p.p.m. of titratable io dine. In' 250 ml. of the above solution 1.851 gm. of a-cellulcsic material is agitated at room temperature for 20 min. The resulting slurry is then filtered on a sintered glass plate and washed with 50 ml. of distilled water. The residual a-cellulosic material (paper pulp) is deep yellow in color and contains 10.5 mg. of titratable iodine.

For comparison purposes, the foregoing procedure is repeated using as iodine carrier (in place of the quaternary ammonium compound) 1.0 gm. of a nonionic surface active agent, nonyl phenol ethylene oxide condensate containing 9-10 mols of ethylene oxide per mol of nonyl phenol. When complcxcd with 0.1 gm. of iodine, diluted with y 'ater and applied to a-cellulosic material, there is no evidence of retention of iodine either by titration or by color in the a-cellulosic material.

The substantivity thus demonstrated is characteristic of the new quaternary ammonium-iodine complexes herein disclosed when applied to various cellulosic fibers, keratinous materials including human and animal hair, and other fibers derived from natural sources.

EXAMPLE V Iodine mouochlorids (1.065 gm.) is dissolved in 6.120 gm. of the quaternary ammonium compound identified as (d) in Table I to give a complex which on titration with .01 N sodium ihiosulfate gives an effective iodine percentage of 18.9% (compared with theory--23.2% After six months storage at room temperature, this preparation titrates 13.3% iodine equivalent.

EXAMPLE VI Iodine monbromidc (1.411 gm.) is mixcdand complexcd with 11.321 gm. of the quaternary ammonium compound idcntified as (a) in Table I to give a complex which on titration with .01 N sodium thiosulfate gives an effective iodine percentage of 11.7% (Theory-43.6%

The iodine chloride and iodine bromide complexes disclosed in Examples V-and VI are readily dissolved in water to form germicidal concentrates or use dilutions containing to 1000 p.p.m., or other desired amount, of titratable iodine equivalent.

In addition to formulations of the type above described in which a herein disclosed quaternary ammonium compound is the only iodine solubilizing agent present, it is to be understood that the advantages of the vapor pressure lowering effect of the quaternary ammonium compounds herein disclosed extends as well to formulations in which some other iodine solubilizing agent is present and in which the total amount of titratable iodine in the formulationexceeds the amount of quaternary ammonium compound. Thus, for example, in a preparation containing a nonlonic or anionic surface active agent which is an iodophor, the addition of a herein disclosed quaternary ammonium compound in an amount in excess of about 12% based on a total amount of iodine in the formulation will act to substantially reduce the rate at which iodine is lost by vaporization from aqueous dilutions of such formulation. With some quaternary ammonium compounds a practical complcxing can be achieved with even smaller amounts thereof, Le. as little as about 10% of the total iodine present in the formulation.

This advantage of vapor pressure lowering with the addition of small amounts of the herein disclosed quaternary ammonium compounds relative to the iodine content of a formulation also applies in conventional tinctures or alcoholic solutions of iodine either alone or in combinations with sodium or potassium iodine as solubilizing agents. The degree of vapor pressure lowering in these formulations increases with the increase in the amount or proportion of quaternary ammonium compound with respect to the total of iodine present and, in

. some instances, where quick germicidal action rather than prolonged germicidal or. gcrmistatic action is desired, care must be taken to avoid inclusion of too much of the quaternary ammonium compound or the degree of complexing may act to prevent sufiicicntly rapid release of iodine for the particular germicidal purpose,

While the amount of iodine complexed with a herein disclosed quaternary ammonium compound is normally within the range of about to 50% based on the weight of quarternary ammonium compound, it will be evident from the foregoing that, in the general role of iodine co rnplexing in aqueous formulations, including those having other iodine complexing agents present, the proportion of iodine to quaternary ammonium compound may fall within the broad range earlier referred to herein of about 5 to 800%, and in exceptional cases, as high as about 1000%. In this connection, it has been established that the vapor pressure reducing action of the quaternary ammonium compound, even when present in the extremely small amounts indicated, is evidence of the existence of complexing within the formulations and aqueous dilu tions thereof, and accordingly, the term complex as used throughout the specification and claims is understood to include this broader concept.

The advantages above mentioned of the herein dis closed quaternary ammonium compounds in iodine formulations can be realized either by adding in the formulation process a preformed complex of iodine and quaternary ammonium compound, or alternatively, by adding the free quaternary ammonium compound to a formulation containing iodine. Accordingly, an important modification or adaptation of the present invention is understood to constitute the control of iodine complexing in an iodine formulation by incorporation in such formulation of an amount of quaternary ammonium compound of the type herein disclosed in excess of about 12% based on the total Weight of iodine in such formulation. The novelty in this regard is considered to comprise both the method and the new type of complexed iodine formulations containing such minimum amount of quaternary ammonium compound.

The following examples will serve to provide typical illustrations of iodine formulations in which iodine vapor pressure as a function of complexing is controlled by small amounts of quaternary ammonium compound.

EXAMPLE VII A germicidal formulation is prepared containing iodine complexed with nonionic surface active agents and having the following composition:

Nonionic of the formula Parts HO-(C2I'I4O) (C3H O) (C2H O) -H where molecular weight of (C l-l O) is i501 to 1800 and (x+x') is 50-60% (Pluronid L-65) 63.55

Nonyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensate containing 10-11 mols of ethylene oxide per mol of phenol 10.0

Iodine 13.41

HCI (28%) 1.87

Isopropyl alcohol 11.17

The iodine is first dissolved in the combined surface active agents at 50 C. Then this solution is blended with the remaining components to form a dark colored clear liquid formulation (A) containing iodine complexed with the two nonionic surface active agents. This formulation contains about 10% titratable iodine.

A second formulation (B) is prepared by dissolving in 97.5 parts by weight of formulation (A) 2.5 parts by weight of the quaternary ammonium compound identified as (h) in Table I. In this formulation, the amount of iodine is 400% based on the weight of quaternary (h) present.

A third formulation (C) is prepared by dissolving in 95 parts by weight of formulation (A) 5 parts by weight of the quaternary ammonium compound identified as (h) in Table I. In this formulation the amount of iodine is 200% based on the weight of quaternary (11) present.

Test solutions of formulations, A, B and C are prepared by diluting with distilled water to a titratable iodine content of 100 p.p.m. and a fourth test solution (D) is prepared by dissolving iodine in distilled water to a concen- P.p.m. residual iodine Sample:

A 2 B 7 C 11 D 0 It will be evident that while the nonionic-iodine com plexes of formulation A provide some stabilization of iodine to vaporization, the small amounts of quaternary ammonium compound present and complexed with iodine in formulations B and C have a marked depressing effect on vaporization, which effect increases with the amount of quaternary ammonium compound which is present.

EXAMPLE VIII An iodine formulation is prepared by dissolving 2.1 g. of N211 and 1.8 gm. of iodine in a total of 10 ml. of water. Quaternary ammonium compound (a) in Table I (0.3 gm.) is dissolved in ethanol to provide ml. of alcoholic solution which is combined with said aqueous iodine solution. This provides a proportion of iodine to quaternary ammonium compound of 6 to l (600% iodine based on the weight of quaternary ammonium com-.

pound), and this small amount of quaternary ammonium greatly reduces the iodine loss due to vaporization both in the concentrate and in aqueous dilution thereof.

It will be evident from the foregoing that the new iodine-quaternary ammonium complexes in accordance with the present invention have many diverse uses and that the special type of virucidal, germicidal, germistatic, fungicidal or fungistatic action desired (whether mild or strong, rapid or prolonged) will vary considerably in these different uses. It is believed, however, that from the foregoing disclosure it will be readily apparent to those versed in the art how the iodine-quaternary ammonium complexes as herein disclosed can be incorporated in iodine formulations for particular uses.

The complexes of iodine with quaternary ammonium compounds as new compositions of matter are being claimed in said parent application Serial No. 699,436 filed November 29, 1957.

Various changes and modifications in the compositions and procedures herein disclosed will occur to those skilled in the art, and to the extent that such changes and modifications are embraced by the appended claims, they constitute part of my invention.

I claim:

1. An iodine composition comprising a germicidally effective amount of iodine associated with at least one iodine rsolubilizing agent selected from the group consisting of anionic and nonionic surface active agents, said composition containing, as an active additive for enhancing the iodine complexing and reducing the iodine loss due to vaporization, an amount in excess of about 12% based on the Weight of iodine in said composition of a quaternary ammonium compound of the formula:

wherein R is a C to C fatty alkyl group, R is a (CH2CH20)yH group, R is selected from the group consisting of R R lower alkyl, phenyl, and benzyl and the cumulative value of y is an integer within the range of 2 to 93, R is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, benzyl, lower alkyl benzyl, lower alkoxy benzyl, nitrobenzyl and halobenzyl, and X is a salt forming anionic radical.

2. An iodine composition as defined in claim 1 whereins,eze,so1

the cumulative value of y is within the preferred range of 2 to 15.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 12 Zech Dec. 25, 1956 Katz June 24, 1958 Jackson Nov. 11,1958 Shelanski Dec. 9, 1958 Shelanski Jan. 13, 1959 Mark Mar. 3, 1959 Shelanski Apr. 5, 1960 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3,028,301 April 3, 1962 Murray W. Winicov It is hereby certified that error appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.

In the grant, lines 1 to 3, for "Murray W. Winicov, of Flushing, New York, read Murray W. Winicov, of Flushing, New York, assignor to West Laboratories, Inc., of Long Island City, New York, a corporation of New York, line 12, for "Murray W. Winicov, his heirs" read West Laboratories, Inc., its successors in the heading to the printed specification, line 3, for "Murray W. Winicov, 6358 78th St., Flushing,

*N. Y.," read Murray W. Winicov, Flushing, N. Y., assignor to West Laboratories, Inc. Long Island City, N. Y., a corporar tion of New York Signed and sealed this 17th day of July 1962.

(SEAL) Attest:

ERNEST W. SWIDER DAVID L. LADD Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents 

1. AN IODINE COMPOSITION COMPRISING A GERMICIDALLY EFFECTIVE AMOUNT OF IODINE ASSOCIATED WITH AT LEAST ONE IODINE SOLUBILIZING AGENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ANIONIC AND NONIONIC SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS, SAID COMPOSITION CONTAINING, AS AN ACTIVE ADDITIVE FOR ENHANCING THE IODINE COMPLEXING AND REDUCING THE IODINE LOSS DUE TO VAPORIZATION, AN AMOUNT IN EXCESS OF ABOUT 12% BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF IODINE IN SAID COMPOSITION OF A QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUND OF THE FORMULA: FIG0-1 WHEREIN R1 IS A C12 TO C18 FATTY ALKYL GROUP, R2 IS A (CH2CH2O)Y-H GROUP, R3 IS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF R1, R2, LOWER ALKYL, PHENYL, AND BENZYL AND THE CUMULATIVE VALUE OF Y IS AN INTEGER WITHIN THE RANGE OF 2 TO 93, R4 IS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF LOWER ALKYL, BENZYL, LOWER ALKYL BENZYL, LOWER ALKOXY BENZYL, NITROBENZYL AND HALOBENZYL, AND X IS A SALT FORMING ANIONIC RADICAL. 